Signal Pathway

Generally, abnormal activation of signaling pathways may lead to diseases, such as cancer. Creative Biolabs is committed to developing target-specific antibody products involved in these pathways to help your project success. Here we give an overview of signal pathways and some major signal pathways in different species.

Background

Fig. 1 Overview of signal pathways. (Wikimedia Commons)

Signal pathways are activated by the binding of a ligand to a transmembrane receptor, which in turn leads to the modification of cytoplasmic transducers. Then these transducers activate transcription factors that ultimately alter gene expression. In detail, Cells receive signals from surrounding environment when the molecule, such as a growth factor or hormone, binds to a specific protein receptor on or in the cell. Once the first molecule in the pathway receives a signal, it activates another molecule. Above process will repeat within the entire signaling pathway until the last molecule is activated and carries out the cell function.

Cell signaling plays an important role in basic cellular activities and coordinating cell actions. Disruption or errors found in this process gives rise to various diseases including cancers. Better understanding cell signaling pathways, such diseases may be treated more effectively and cures created.

Research Area of Signal Pathway in Different Species

• JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in Drosophila Melanogaster

JAK-STAT pathway, the main signal transduction cascade from cytokine receptors, now serves as a textbook example of how extracellular ligands can act at the cell surface to modulate nuclear gene expression. It has several roles, including the control of cell proliferation and hematopoiesis. Low complexity ligand/receptor/JAK-STAT pathway has been discovered and characterized in Drosophila, which provided a foundation for a broad and dynamic field.

• Wnt Signaling Pathway in Rhesus

Wnt pathway is involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation in adult tissues and also during embryogenesis. Disturbances within the pathway may lead to the formation of tumors and promote metastasis. During oocyte of rhesus monkey growth or maturation, the expression of WNT, FZD, and effector gene mRNAs, and a generalized downregulation of genes encoding key components of the WNT signaling pathway during preimplantation development. Additionally, there is a difference between in vitro cultured and in vivo developing blastocysts. indicating possible effects of culture on WNT signaling during the peri-implantation period. These studies indicated that Wnt genes contribute to the formation of rhesus monkey oocytes or embryos.

• MAPK Signaling Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans

MAPK pathway evokes an intracellular signaling cascade in response to extracellular stimuli such as heat and stress. It can influence cell division, metabolism, and survival. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a PMK-1 p38 MAPK pathway is required for resistance to bacterial infection. The regulation of p38 and JNK-like MAPK pathways mediating immunity and heavy metal stress by common MEK-1 MAPK kinase (MAPKK) and MAPK phosphatase (MKP) signaling components suggests pivotal roles for MEK-1 and VHP-1 in the integration of diverse stress signals contributing to pathogen resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans.

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